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`Letters Patent No. 74,832,l dated February/25, 1868. v

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Be it'known that I,PETEB. KRR, cfa-Paisley, inthe county of Renfrem'Englaud have invented new and useful Improvements in Preparing and Finishing Threads and -Yarns;-.and I do hereby declare that the follow-` is a full, clear, and exact'descriptionthcreof,which will enable others skilled inthe artto make anduse the same, referencebeing'had to the accompanying drawings-, formingpart of this specification, in Which- 'iFigui-e l'is afplan ofl one modification of* mylimprovedmachinzery or apparatus for'p'reparin'gand nishing threads or yarns. 'Y Y v l FigureZis attent-'elevation corresponding to g. 1".'n f' Figure 3 is au end view of the same. l t A- i v Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section of one arrangementof a polisher for iinishing threads or lyarnshy mean-s of`the combn'ed agency of friction and heat.

'Y Similar letters of reference indicate like parts. y n said invention relates to machinery or apparatus to beused for preparing, polishing, and finishing threads or yarns; the object of the 4improvements being the securing of a superior polishingY or finishing :action upon V.the yarn-sor threads hy mean-'s of the Aconjoint .action of' frictional polishing-surfaces. n carrying out these improvements, it is preferred-to use an openvertical'framiug ofparallcl' sidestandards, carrying bearings,

for the support of the Vdilferent horizontal shafts of the apparatus. These shafts are ,driven by central pulleys,V the actual finishing-parts being upon the ovrerhangingv portions ofthe shafts extending beyondthe'limits of the central framing. Y K v In the machine,- herein described, twoA thread-carrying pulleys-4 are arranged atfone end 'of' the frame, as

'Y represented, but the thread-carrying pulleys may be arranged atv both ends of theiframeiothof the shafts -are actuated `at the proper'speed directly from the prime mover, 'so as to c arry round o r` alongv the banks at the velocity best suited for the effect to be produced. The-rubbing, polishing, or inishi'ugmction is given to the thread-banks by means'of two separate revolving rubbcrsor frictional surfaces setin pairs upon the ends Vof corresponding horizontal shafts, which are made to revolvey at'alfhigh velocity in `a direction corresponding with the Vtraverse lorf-passage ot the hanks.` These polishers are so disposedf'that in eachpairlwp'rking upon one set of hanks lthere is'one, such polisher or frictional snrfac'e'vin the ,interior o f the hanks,` (that iserubraced by' the two parallel 'linesof the thr`eads,) and onefpolisher outside' or whollyjexterior tothe haaks. In this way both sides oi"4 the threads arel fully operated u-poh'.'

v Thepolishers are formed of vaed disks, as shown, provided with anumber ofil'ongitudinal barsoffm'etal, forming the actual rubbing-surfaces, andV th'e contiguous 'polishers -are'geared ,together towork in concert, so

that thcvanes of each work into the intermediate spaces of the yother, and the .lines o f threads being-'between them, the vfrictional action is materially heightened owing to the opposed resistancerf the vanes. And in order still further to improve the frictional eifect, the vane-ba`rs are formed with transverseY grooves all around them,

so that they' can be used fon any side. The effect of this is,'that the vanes grasp or embrace a vgreater extent'j of surfaces of the threads, and they thus operate in a more' rapid manner than' planbars.

In the mechanical arrangement, shown in figs 1 to 3, thelfran'iingAris, byzprei'erence, ofdcast iron,.and consists of two `rectangular openpanelled .end-standards, united'bytwo horizontal cross-stays, B, arranged near the upper and lower extremities of the side-standards. 'lhemiddle` rail, C, of each of the side-standards A has two horizontal slots cast or'othcrw'ise formed therein, In one pair of thesev slots iig. 3, are tted the bushes D of the main driving-shaft E. These bushes are 4securedto t-he standards by boltsand' nuts, and are conse* quently adjustablel laterally to the extent or length Vof theslots n. uThe driving-shaft E has keyed-to itfast and loose pulleys, which are driven by an endless belt that is actuated froma steam-engineer other prima mover. The shaftE has fast'. to it a spur-wheel, II, which isin gear with a'corresponding wheel, I, from which the shaft J derives its motion. The shaft J is arranged parallel to 'the main' shaft E,.and itsjournalsare carried in adjustable bushes, K, which areitted in the slots n. made in the middle rail ofthe sidestandardsA; The shaft` E is made sufficiently longyto extend some distanee beyond' the side-standards, and' upon these projecting poi'- tions; upon either 'sideof-the machine, is htteda metallic polisher. vEach of" these polishers consists of. an'.

elongated eye or tubular bloss,M, which 'ts the shaft E tightly. Near to each lextremity of theI boss M is fixed a metal plate,'N, vthe periphery otv which is notched or, curved to form a series o undulating projections, as'is shown in the enlarged sectional view,.g. 4.- These pr'ojectingparts of Vthe pla-tes N have holes made therein to receive the ends of a series of` metal rods "or bars, O, the ends of which are passed through the holes in the plates N, and are secured thereto by nuts. surfaces of the polishing-bars O areturnedor otherwise cut to form a series of annular grooves or notchesl vfrom end to end of the hars. These grooves or annular indentations serve to receive 'and divide the threads which are subjected to the polishing operation.

A corresponding arrangement of' a pair ofunetallic polishers, P,.is fitted upon the extremities of theshaft J'. The bars Q of the polishers P are made to slightlyinterlock or overlap those of its o ontigudus and parallel polisher, and this adjustment ofthe two polishers maybe readily and accurately obtained by means of the adjustable bushes D and K, i'vhich carry th'e shafts Eand J. The spur-wheels H and I on the shafts E and J are of equal diameter, and the shafts therefore move at .a corresponding speed, but in opposite directions. VThe shaft J has a Worm oor screw, R, turned upon one portion of its periphery; this screw gears with thc wormwheel S, the spindle of which is carried inthe bush T. This busli is arranged in'au angular position, and -is bolted to the front uppercross-stay of the framing A, The upper end of the spindlenof the wortn-wheel S has fast to it a bevel-ivheel, U, which gears .with asimilar wheel,l V, keyed to the shaft W, to which it'gives motion. The shaft W is carried inbusbes which'are bolted'to the upper part of the side-standards A, and the extrpmities of the shaft Which extend beyond'the sides of the machine earry'the wooden flanged'roller X; This roller overhangs the vpolishers so that upon one 'side their peripheries arejiu a line Iwith the contiguousv portions of' the. polishing-bars O and Q. A short columnar standard, Y, is boltedlto the flooringv at each side ofthe machine; zthese standards eachcarry a horizontal fixed shaft, Z', the innerextremity of whichjis bolted to the lower rail of'the standards A. -To each of thel shafts AZ is fitted loosely atubular bush, @which carries the rectangular open frame b, iig. 3. This frame b has bolted toit, near theshaft a, a pair of brackets, c, inuhich `the spindle of the flanged-wooden' roller d rotates. At equal/.distances along the frame hare fixed, the transverse hars c, iig. 2; these bars serve to support the weights jl.' v Above the frame b, and projecting'outward from the front Iupright of -eachl of the' standards A, is a tension-roller, g, the lspindle of which is secured'to the framing of the machine-by a bolt andv nut fitted inla slot in the sidestandard. I

The hank of thread or yarn to'be polished or inished, after having been starched or prepared by any of the .substances usually employed, is spread overthe surface of the' roller X, onv each side of the machine, and one-half is' then passed'betueen the polishing-bars 0 and Q, and under the roller d; the other half of the thread or 'yarn passes infront ofthe tensionrroller g and ofthe polishing-,bars Q; that `is to vsay,theenvdlcss cord which the hank of thread or yarn forms, passes round .the lseveral-rollers, asv'shoivn at z',.in iig. 3v of 'my drrtvvingip and to retain or keep each skein or hank in itsplace, the periphery of the tcnsion-roller g. is divided by a series of equdistant flanges, h. The shaft E being put i`n motion,'the polshers on each siderotate in opposite directions, the thread or yarn being carried betweenthem by the rotary mdvement of therollerj The necessary amount of tension upon the thread is regulated by means 'of this weigh'tsf, the number of which may be increasedhr diminished,'at pleasure, according toA the 'nature of the u'orlr. The threads or yarns, divided in the manner before described, are subjected to the frictional polishing action of the grooves' or annular Vindentations in the bars of thepolishers, the rotary Aniotionof which rapidly smooths and'polishes the surface of the threads' or yarns. After the banks havebecn suiiieientlypolished'or finished, they are'quickly released from the machine by removing the Weightsfvad lifting the frame b; this takesoff the tensional pressure, and the'threads or yarns are easily removed from the rollers.. Other hanks are then put o'n to the rollers X, and

' properly spread ordivided, the weightsf are replaced upon the frame la, the machine is again started, .and the' polishing voperation repeated.

In tig. 4, the polishers are-somewhat modified from the arrangement shown in figs'. 1 to 3. In this modification- 'the `Polisher consists of a central'shafaj, which .is hollow throughout the/.length ofthe poli'sher, and ,open at its outervor overhanging end. This tubular part of the .shaft 7' has a number of longitudinal slots or holes, Ic, cut therein, and b etiveen these slots areA tted Vthe vanes or fan-blades .1; these vanes are bolted to the radial arms m, which are cast on or otherwise attached to the shaftj at the part just within the endplates P. vThe end-plates P and polishing-bars-Q are similar in their construction to those hereinbefore described. In this v arrangement-of the polishers, the drying and finishing of the threads or yarns are facilitated by the current of 'air Whichis drawn in through the open end of 'the tubular shaft andwhich escapes through the slots or holes and is driven bythe fan-blades Zagainst the threadsor yarns under operation. The air thus drawn in through the'shaftj 'may be Aderived from the apartment in which the machine is worked, and consequently of the ordinary temperature, or inlleu thereof a current of heated airmay be usedfor the purpose, if'a higher temperatureis found to vbe desirable.

' With these 4various improvements, the process or processes of polishing or finishing threads or yarnsmay be eifected with great facility and in a highlysuperior manner.. I

Having described the nature of my said invention, andthemanner in `which the saine is or maybe used or 'carried into elfec-t, what I'claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The machine for polishing thread, constructed and arranged substantially as 4herein described.

2. The construction and arrangement ofthe polishing-apparatus herein described, in which the thread is polished by means of rollers having grooves or indentations, said rollers working up against the thread, one' inside and the other outside the hunk, substantially as herein shown and described.

PETER KERR. Witnesses:

' Taos. D. FAIRLEY, 

